Description
The early Universe offers a powerful probe of physics at the highest energy scales, including the formation of cosmic strings in many extensions of the Standard Model. Most predictions for the stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) from cosmic strings rely on the Nambu–Goto approximation and neglect internal string structure. In realistic particle-physics models, however, cosmic strings can carry bosonic or fermionic currents and become superconducting. In this work, we extend SGWB predictions to networks of cosmic strings carrying chiral currents. We analyze the coupled evolution of the string network and the current and its impact on gravitational-wave emission. We show that superconducting cosmic strings generate gravitational-wave spectra that differ from the standard case: strong coupling between the current and a massless vector field can substantially suppress the SGWB, while moderate coupling may still yield detectable signals. These effects open new observational avenues for probing fundamental field interactions in the early Universe through superconducting cosmic strings.
